Self-efficacy among parents of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review

Parental self-efficacy in caring for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) plays a crucial role in effective diabetes management and the overall well-being of both the parent and the child. This systematic review aims to synthesize research on parental self-efficacy in managing children and adolescents with T1D, focusing on factors influencing self-efficacy, outcomes associated with high or low self-efficacy, and interventions designed to improve it. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of the PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted. A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The results indicate that lower parental self-efficacy is often associated with psychological factors such as depression and stress, while higher self-efficacy is linked to better quality of life, glycemic control, and dietary management in children with T1D. Health education and social support, particularly from online health communities, significantly enhance self-efficacy. Family dynamics, including better organization and reduced conflict, are crucial in promoting higher parental self-efficacy, thereby improving disease management in their children.