Origen y efectos de las recientes “cláusulas europeas” introducidas en la Constitución

The aim of this contribution is to analyze the Italian constitutional revisions that have introduced various European clauses in the Constitution and to take account of the results. In particular, it is researched whether these constitutional revisions were really induced by the EU or whether they were made independently of it. Similarly, their effects are investigated, in order to understand to what extent they have been "useful".