Le reazioni economico-finanziarie all’emergenza Covid-19 tra Roma, Bruxelles e Francoforte (e Karlsruhe)

The paper analyses the economic and financial responses of Member States and the European Union to the Covid-19 pandemic. In particular; the Italian reactions and the procedures for the increased debt pursuant to art. 81; second paragraph; of the Constitution; the fiscal reactions of the European Union; including the MES light; the SURE program; the EIB’s action and the new Next Generation EU program; the monetary reactions of the European Central Bank. Finally; the NGEU program is related to a new qualitative constraint for the Member States and some critical observations are made on the first two italian draft national Recovery and Resilience Plan