BRAF and PIK3CA genes are somatically mutated inhepatocellular carcinoma among patients from South Italy

Poor data have been previously reported about the mutation rates in K-RAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA genes among patients with
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we further elucidated the role of these genes in pathogenesis of primary hepatic
malignancies. Archival tumour tissue from 65 HCC patients originating from South Italy were screened for mutations in
these candidate genes by direct sequencing. Overall, oncogenic mutations were detected in 15 (23%) patients for BRAF gene,
18 (28%) for PIK3CA gene, and 1 (2%) for K-RAS gene. Using statistical analysis, BRAF mutations were significantly correlated
with the presence of either multiple HCC nodules (P¼0.021) or higher proliferation rates (P¼0.034). Although further extensive
screenings are awaited in HCC patients among different populations, our findings clearly indicated that mutational activation of
both BRAF and PIK3CA genes does contribute to hepatocellular tumorigenesis at somatic level in Southern Italian population.